特别是理论上，WindowsXP 以后文件名应该是以 UFT-16LE 存在硬盘上的，可以覆盖所有Unicode 分区。可是 Python 2.7 里，通过命令行得到的文件名，只是当前 Codepage 编码的字符串。我们的目的是得到 Unicode 编码覆盖的所有码区的文件名。
输出也是这个问题，CP936 下 print()只能输出GBK码，不能输出所有 Unicode 范围的文本。
WinXP 控制台如此，Win7 也未必能好，倒是 Python3 应该是问题少些吧。
百度了一圈儿 Python2.7 怎么接受 console 下的繁简体，中日韩，英法俄语言共用，结果是无解。只好再搜英文网页，结果发现还真有料。记录在此，以供传播。
基本思想就是通过 ctypes 调用 windll 相关的宽字符 API，这样就可以直接得到或者输出 unicode 的结果了。
从命令行接受 unicode 编码的选项相对容易一些，使用 shell32.GetCommandLineArgvW 就差不多了，输出反而要复杂些，因为要替代 output stream，结果得弄一个全套的 io class 。
命令行读入 Unicode 选项: http://stackoverflow.com/a/846931
def win32_unicode_argv():
"""Uses shell32.GetCommandLineArgvW to get sys.argv as a list of Unicode
strings.
Versions 2.x of Python don't support Unicode in sys.argv on
Windows, with the underlying Windows API instead replacing multi-byte
characters with '?'.
"""
from ctypes import POINTER, byref, cdll, c_int, windll
from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR, LPWSTR
GetCommandLineW = cdll.kernel32.GetCommandLineW
GetCommandLineW.argtypes = []
GetCommandLineW.restype = LPCWSTR
CommandLineToArgvW = windll.shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
CommandLineToArgvW.argtypes = [LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int)]
CommandLineToArgvW.restype = POINTER(LPWSTR)
cmd = GetCommandLineW()
argc = c_int(0)
argv = CommandLineToArgvW(cmd, byref(argc))
if argc.value > 0 and not hasattr(sys, "frozen"):
# Remove Python executable and commands if present and not frozen
start = argc.value - len(sys.argv)
return [argv[i] for i in xrange(start, argc.value)]
命令行Unicode输出: http://stackoverflow.com/a/3259271def win32_unicode_output():
import codecs
from ctypes import WINFUNCTYPE, windll, POINTER, byref
from ctypes.wintypes import BOOL, HANDLE, DWORD, LPWSTR, LPVOID
original_stderr = sys.stderr
# If any exception occurs in this code, we'll probably try to print it on
# stderr, which makes for frustrating debugging if stderr is directed to
# our wrapper. So be paranoid about catching errors and reporting them to
# original_stderr, so that we can at least see them.
def _complain(message):
print(message if isinstance(message, str) else repr(message), file=original_stderr)
# Work around <http://bugs.python.org/issue6058>.
codecs.register(lambda name: codecs.lookup('utf-8') if name == 'cp65001' else None)
# Make Unicode console output work independently of the current code page.
# This also fixes <http://bugs.python.org/issue1602>. Credit to Michael
# Kaplan <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/michkap/archive/2010/04/07/9989346.aspx>
# and TZOmegaTZIOY
# <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/878972/windows-cmd-encoding-change-causes-python-crash/1432462#1432462>.
try:
# <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms683231(VS.85).aspx>
# HANDLE WINAPI GetStdHandle(DWORD nStdHandle);
# returns INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, or a valid handle
#
# <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364960(VS.85).aspx>
# DWORD WINAPI GetFileType(DWORD hFile);
#
# <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms683167(VS.85).aspx>
# BOOL WINAPI GetConsoleMode(HANDLE hConsole, LPDWORD lpMode);
GetStdHandle = WINFUNCTYPE(HANDLE, DWORD)(("GetStdHandle", windll.kernel32))
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = DWORD(-11)
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = DWORD(-12)
GetFileType = WINFUNCTYPE(DWORD, DWORD)(("GetFileType", windll.kernel32))
FILE_TYPE_CHAR = 0x0002
FILE_TYPE_REMOTE = 0x8000
GetConsoleMode = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HANDLE, POINTER(DWORD))(("GetConsoleMode", windll.kernel32))
INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = DWORD(-1).value
def not_a_console(handle):
if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE or handle is None:
return True
return ((GetFileType(handle) & ~FILE_TYPE_REMOTE) != FILE_TYPE_CHAR
or GetConsoleMode(handle, byref(DWORD())) == 0)
old_stdout_fileno = None
old_stderr_fileno = None
if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'fileno'):
old_stdout_fileno = sys.stdout.fileno()
if hasattr(sys.stderr, 'fileno'):
old_stderr_fileno = sys.stderr.fileno()
STDOUT_FILENO = 1
STDERR_FILENO = 2
real_stdout = (old_stdout_fileno == STDOUT_FILENO)
real_stderr = (old_stderr_fileno == STDERR_FILENO)
if real_stdout:
hStdout = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
if not_a_console(hStdout):
real_stdout = False
if real_stderr:
hStderr = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
if not_a_console(hStderr):
real_stderr = False
if real_stdout or real_stderr:
# BOOL WINAPI WriteConsoleW(HANDLE hOutput, LPWSTR lpBuffer, DWORD nChars,
# LPDWORD lpCharsWritten, LPVOID lpReserved);
WriteConsoleW = WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HANDLE, LPWSTR, DWORD, POINTER(DWORD), LPVOID)(("WriteConsoleW", windll.kernel32))
class UnicodeOutput:
def __init__(self, hConsole, stream, fileno, name):
self._hConsole = hConsole
self._stream = stream
self._fileno = fileno
self.closed = False
self.softspace = False
self.mode = 'w'
self.encoding = 'utf-8'
self.name = name
self.flush()
def isatty(self):
return False
def close(self):
# don't really close the handle, that would only cause problems
self.closed = True
def fileno(self):
return self._fileno
def flush(self):
if self._hConsole is None:
try:
self._stream.flush()
except Exception as e:
_complain("%s.flush: %r from %r" % (self.name, e, self._stream))
raise
def write(self, text):
try:
if self._hConsole is None:
if isinstance(text, unicode):
text = text.encode('utf-8')
self._stream.write(text)
else:
if not isinstance(text, unicode):
text = str(text).decode('utf-8')
remaining = len(text)
while remaining:
n = DWORD(0)
# There is a shorter-than-documented limitation on the
# length of the string passed to WriteConsoleW (see
# <http://tahoe-lafs.org/trac/tahoe-lafs/ticket/1232>.
retval = WriteConsoleW(self._hConsole, text, min(remaining, 10000), byref(n), None)
if retval == 0 or n.value == 0:
raise IOError("WriteConsoleW returned %r, n.value = %r" % (retval, n.value))
remaining -= n.value
if not remaining:
break
text = text[n.value:]
except Exception as e:
_complain("%s.write: %r" % (self.name, e))
raise
def writelines(self, lines):
try:
for line in lines:
self.write(line)
except Exception as e:
_complain("%s.writelines: %r" % (self.name, e))
raise
if real_stdout:
sys.stdout = UnicodeOutput(hStdout, None, STDOUT_FILENO, '<Unicode console stdout>')
else:
sys.stdout = UnicodeOutput(None, sys.stdout, old_stdout_fileno, '<Unicode redirected stdout>')
if real_stderr:
sys.stderr = UnicodeOutput(hStderr, None, STDERR_FILENO, '<Unicode console stderr>')
else:
sys.stderr = UnicodeOutput(None, sys.stderr, old_stderr_fileno, '<Unicode redirected stderr>')
except Exception as e:
_complain("exception %r while fixing up sys.stdout and sys.stderr" % (e,))
当然最好还是去源网页参考原来的内容，以免这里有引用错误。
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